<p><span quot;font-family: 宋体; background: aqua; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一、石墨的性质</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨是碳的结晶矿物之一。</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体;"><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">1565</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年作为一种矿物被发现，</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">1779</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年确定它的成分是碳，</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">1789</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">年定名为</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（希腊文为</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">“</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">写</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">”</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">之意）。石墨的颜色为黑</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">色，晶体为六方板状，但少见，一般呈薄片状或鳞片状，集合体呈土状，为隐晶质体。质软、硬度小，摩氏硬度为</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">1-2,</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">能污染纸张。比重</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">2.1--2.3</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。具</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">有一组较完全解理。</span></span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">常温下石墨具有良好的化学稳定性，能耐酸、耐碱、耐农业生产体系溶剂的腐蚀，但高温时易氧化。</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; background: aqua; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">二、石墨的用途</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">由于石墨具有许多优良的性能，因而在冶金、机械、电气、化工、纺织、国防等工业部门获得广泛应用。</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">1</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">做耐火材料</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨的一个主要用途是生产耐火材料，包括耐火砖，坩埚，连续铸造粉，铸模芯，铸模洗涤剂和耐高温材料</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体;"><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">.<br /><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">坩埚及有关制品用石墨制造的成型和耐火的坩埚及其有关制品，例如坩埚、曲颈瓶、塞头和喷嘴等，具有高耐火性，低的热膨胀性，熔炼金属过程中，受到金属浸润</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">和冲刷时亦稳定，高温下良好的热震稳定性和优良的热传导性，所以石墨坩埚及其有关制品被广泛用于直接熔融金属的工艺中</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体;"><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">.<br /><br />2</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">炼钢</span></span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨和其他杂质材料用于炼钢工业时可作为增碳剂。渗碳使用的碳质材料的范围很广，包括人造石墨、石油焦、冶金焦炭和天然石墨。在世界范围内炼钢增碳剂用石墨仍是土状石墨的主要用途之一。</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">3</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作导电材料</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨在电气工业中广泛用来作电较、电刷、碳棒、碳管、水银整流器的正较、石墨垫圈、电话零件、电视机显像管的涂层等等。其中以石墨电较应用较广，在冶炼各</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体;"><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">种合金钢、铁合金时，使用石墨电较，这时强大的电流通过电较导入电炉的熔炼区，产生电弧，使电能转化为热能，温度升高到</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">2000</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">度左右，从而达到熔炼或反</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">应的目的。此外，在电解金属镁、铝、钠时，电解槽的阳较也用石墨电较。生产金刚砂的电阻炉也用石墨电较作炉头导电材料。</span></span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">4</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作耐磨和润滑材料</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨在机械工业中常作润滑剂。润滑油往往不能在高速、高温、高压的条件下使用，而石墨耐磨材料可以在</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体;"><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">-200---2000</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">温度并在很高的滑动速度下不用润滑油工作。许多输送腐蚀介质的设备，广泛采用石墨材料制成活塞环、密封圈和轴承，它们运转时，勿需加入润滑油，石墨乳也是许多金属加工（拔丝、拉管）时的良好的润滑剂。</span></span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">5</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作耐腐蚀材料</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨具有良好的化学稳定性。经过特殊加工的石墨，具有耐腐蚀、导热性好、渗透率低等特点，而广泛用于制作热交换器、反应槽、凝缩器、燃烧塔、吸收塔、冷却器、加热器、过滤器、泵等设备。这些设备用于石油化工、湿法冶金、酸碱生产、合成纤维、造纸等工业部门，可节省大量的金属材料。</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">6</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作铸造、翻砂、压模及高温冶金材料</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">由于石墨的膨胀系数小，而且能耐急冷急热的变化，可作为玻璃器皿的铸模，使用石墨后，黑色金属得到的铸件尺寸准确，表面光洁，成品率高，不经加工或稍作加工就可使用，因而节省了大量金属。</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">7</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">用于原子能工业和国防工业</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /><br /><span quot;font-family: 宋体;">8</span></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">作防垢防锈材料</span><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><br /></span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">石墨能防止锅炉结垢，有关单位试验表明，在水中加入一定量的石墨粉（每吨水大约用</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体;"><span quot;font-family: ??; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">4-5g)</span><span quot;font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">，能防止锅炉表面结垢。此外石墨涂在金属烟囱、屋顶、桥梁、管道上可以防腐和防锈</span></span></p>