<p><span quot;font-size: large;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">以<strong><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铝</span></span></strong><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">为基的</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">合金</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">总称。主要</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">合金元素</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">有</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铜</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">硅</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">镁</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">锌</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">锰</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，次要合金元素有</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">镍</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铁</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">钛</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铬</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">锂</span></span></span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">等。<br /></span></span></p> <p><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></p> <p><span quot;font-size: medium;"><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">　　铝合金</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">密度</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">低，但强度比较高，接近或超过优异</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">钢</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">塑性</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">好，可加工成各种</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">型材</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，具有优良的</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">导电性</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">导热性</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">和抗蚀性，</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">工业</span></span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">上广泛使用，使用量仅次于钢。<br /></span></span></p> <p><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></p> <p><span quot;font-size: medium;"><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">　　铝合金分两大类：</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铸造铝合金</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，在铸态下使用；</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">变形铝合金</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，能承受压力加工，</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">力学性能</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">高于铸态。可加工成各种形态、规格的铝合金材。主要用于制造航空器材、日常生活用品、建筑用</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">门窗</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">等。</span></span></p> <p><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: 18pt;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">铝合金按加工方法可以分为变形铝合金和铸造铝合金。变形铝合金又分为不可热处理强化型铝合金和可热处理强化型铝合金。不可热处理强化型不能通过热处理来提高机械性能，只能通过冷加工变形来实现强化，它主要包括<span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">高纯铝</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、工业高纯铝、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">工业纯铝</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">以及</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">防锈铝</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">等。可热处理强化型铝合金可以通过</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">淬火</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">和</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">时效</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">等热处理手段来提高机械性能，它可分为</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">硬铝</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">、锻铝、</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">超硬铝</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">和</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">特殊铝合金</span></span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">等。<br /></span></span><span quot;font-size: medium;"></span></span></span></p> <p><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: 18pt;"><span quot;font-size: medium;"><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">　　一些铝合金可以采用</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">热处理</span></span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">获得良好的机械性能，物理性能和抗腐蚀性能。<br /></span></span> <p><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></p> <p><span quot;font-size: medium;"><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">　　铸造铝合金按化学成分可分为</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铝硅合金</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，铝铜合金，</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">铝镁合金</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">，铝</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">锌合金</span></span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;font-size: medium;">和铝稀土合金，其中铝硅合金又有简单铝硅合金（不能热处理强化，力学性能较低，铸造性能好），特殊铝硅合金（可热处理强化，力学性能较高，铸造性能良好），<br /></span></span></p> <p><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></p> <p><span quot;font-size: medium;"><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"> </span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">2008年北京奥运会火炬</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">“</span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span quot;color: #0066cc;">祥云</span></span><span quot;font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">”的材质就是铝合金。</span></span></p> </span></span></p>