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压力控制阀

压力控制阀的作用:

1、用来控制液压系统中油液压力;

1)溢流阀：直动式溢流阀、先导式溢流阀

2)减压阀

2、以压力为控制信号实现油路通断。

3)顺序阀

4)压力继电器

共同工作原理:利用作用于阀心上的液压力与弹簧力相平衡的原理进行工作。

溢流阀应用实例

(1)为定量泵系统溢流稳压和定量泵、节流阀并联，阀口常开。

(2)变量泵系统提供过载保护

和变量泵组合，正常工作时阀口关闭，过载时打开，起安全保护作用,故又称安全阀。

(3)实现远程调压  p远程< p主调

(4)系统卸荷和多级调压 和二位二通阀组合(先导式)

(5)形成背压

减压阀用于降低并稳定系统中某一支路的油液压力，常用于夹紧、控制等油路中。

顺序阀是一种利用压力控制阀口通断的压力阀，因用于控制多个执行元件的动作顺序而得名。按控制油来源不同分内控和外控，按弹簧腔泄漏油引出方式不同分内泄和外泄。

压力继电器功用:根据系统压力变化,自动接通或断开电路,实现程序控制或安全保护。

工作原理: pk> pT时，柱塞上升,发出信号pk< pT时，柱塞下降,断开信号。

液压机是一种以液体为工作介质，用来传递能量以实现各种工艺的机器。液压机除用于锻压成形外，也可用于矫正、压装、打包、压块和压板等。液压机包括水压机和油压机。以水基液体为工作介质的称为水压机,以油为工作介质的称为油压机。液压机的规格一般用公称工作力（千牛）或公称吨位（吨）表示。锻造用液压机多是水压机，吨位较高。为减小设备尺寸，大型锻造水压机常用较高压强（35兆帕左右），有时也采用 100兆帕以上的非常高压。其他用途的液压机一般采用 6～25兆帕的工作压强。油压机的吨位比水压机低。

 

基本原理是油泵把液压油输送到集成插装阀块，通过各个单向阀和溢流阀把液压油分配到油缸的上腔或者下腔，在高压油的作用下，使油缸进行运动.液压机是 利用液体来传递压力的设备。液体在密闭的容器中传递压力时是遵循帕斯卡定律。四柱液压机的液压传动系统由动力机构、控制机构、执行机构、辅助机构和工作介质组成。动力机构通常采用油泵作为动力机构，一般为积式油泵。为了满足执行机构运动速度的要求， 选用一个油泵或多个油泵。低压（油压小于2.5MP）用齿轮泵；中压（油压小于6.3MP）用叶片泵；高压（油压小于32.0MP)用柱塞泵。各种可塑性 材料的压力加工和成形，如不锈钢板的挤压、弯曲、拉深及金属零件的冷压成形，同时亦可用于粉末制品、砂轮、胶木、树脂热固性制品的压制。

 

驱动系统

液压机的驱动系统主要有泵直接驱动和泵-蓄能器驱动两种型式。泵直接驱动，这种驱动系统的泵向液压缸提供高压工作液体，配流阀用来改变供液方向，溢流阀用来调节系统的限定压强，同时起安全溢流作用。这种驱动系统环节少,结构简单,压强能按所需的工作力自动增减，减少了电能消耗，但须由液压机的大工作力和高工作速度来决定泵及其驱动电机的容量。这种型式的驱动系统多用于中小型液压机，也有用泵直接驱动的大型（如120000千牛）自由锻造水压机。

 

泵－蓄能器驱动 　在这种驱动系统中有一个或一组蓄能器。当泵所供给的高压工作液有余量时，由蓄能器储存；而当供给量不足于需要时，便由蓄能器补充供给。采用这种系统可以按高压工作液的平均用量选用泵和电动机的容量，但因为工作液的压强是恒定的，电能消耗量较大，并且系统的环节多，结构比较复杂。这种驱动系统多用于大型液压机，或者用一套驱动系统驱动数台液压机。

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1）电磁溢流阀原理上，一般是由先导式溢流阀加上一个2位2通电磁阀组成。

2）这个电磁阀实际上由两部分组成：2位2通的液压阀部分，加上一个电磁铁。2位2通阀是开通，还是关闭，是由电磁铁推动阀芯运动来实现的。有的阀电磁铁通电时打开，有的阀电磁铁断电时打开，萝目青菜个人各爱（根据系统要求选择）。也就是说，电磁阀这里有一条通路一头与先导溢流阀的某个部位相连，另一头通过油管与油箱相连。通过操作电磁铁可以让先导溢流阀的某个部位或者与油箱相通，或者不与油箱相通。

 

3）先导溢流阀的主阀上腔压力，是由先导阀加于控制的。如果先导阀正常工作，即主阀上腔有先导阀规定的压力，则整个溢流阀就会在系统压力到达调定压力时其主阀口打开一定的开度，一方面能将系统多余流量流回油箱，另一方面又能维持系统的压力为先导阀的调定值。可见，先导阀主要管压力，主阀服从先导阀的领导，在先导阀动作时将主阀口开到合适大小，正好将多余流量流出去，又不影响系统压力。